We have already had the occasion to study how Goldstein offered his fundamental postulates to neurorehabilitation, enabling it to establish itself as a new disciplinary branch of medicine [Gilart de Keranflec’h 2021]. Now we shall hypothesize that the proposals that Goldstein borrowed from his fellow contemporary neurologists by reformulating them, those he rejected and those he prolonged, were successive acculturations leading to a broader area than neurology alone, namely rehabilitative care. Long before he experienced exile —a major biographical turning (...) point in his life—had Goldstein not already led neurology down the path of exile, by demanding that it take into consideration its necessary hybridization with social and environmental issues? Combining dimensions of care, cures and even healing, rehabilitative care challenges the medical discipline alone for its pre-eminence over positive health outcomes for patients with health problems whose severity leaves them in a situation of disability. (shrink)

This interview study investigates the short- and long-term implications of incidental findings detected through brain imaging on research participants’ lives and their surroundings. For this study, nine participants of the Rotterdam Scan Study with an incidental finding were approached and interviewed. When examining research participants’ narratives on the impact of the disclosure of incidental findings, the authors identified five sets of tensions with regard to motivations for and expectations of research participation, preferences regarding disclosure, short- and long-term impacts and impacts (...) on self and others. The paper shows: that the impact of incidental findings may be greater than participants at first let on; incidental findings can have significant effects on participants’ social environment; and participants may not feel prepared for disclosure even if incidental findings have been discussed during the informed consent process. The authors call for investigators to be aware of research participants’ experiences and these short- and long-term impacts when designing suitable courses of action for the detection and management of incidental findings in research settings. (shrink)

Dementia is a growing issue at the end of life that presents unique challenges for advance care planning. Advance directives are a useful and important component of end-of-life planning, but standard advance directives have less utility in cases of loss of capacity due to dementia. An advance directive designed to specifically address end-of-life issues in the setting of dementia can provide patients with increased autonomy and caregivers with improved information about the desires of the individual in question. The Dartmouth Dementia (...) Directive is a dementia-specific advance directive, available online, that seeks to address common concerns of individuals who are planning for dementia-related end-of-life care. This directive was piloted in a community-based workshop, which provided important details and perspective on the best use of dementia-specific advance directives in the greater population. (shrink)

Background When anti-cancer treatments have been given market authorization, but are not (yet) reimbursed within a healthcare system, physicians are confronted with ethical dilemmas. Arranging access through other channels, e.g., hospital budgets or out-of-pocket payments by patients, may benefit patients, but leads to unequal access. Until now, little is known about the perspectives of physicians on access to non-reimbursed treatments. This interview study maps the experiences and moral views of Dutch oncologists and hematologists.Methods A diverse sample of oncologists and hematologists (...) (n = 22) were interviewed. Interviews were analyzed thematically using Nvivo 12 qualitative data software.Results This study reveals stark differences between physicians’ experiences and moral views on access to anti-cancer treatments that are not (yet) reimbursed: some physicians try to arrange other ways of access and some physicians do not. Some physicians inform patients about anti-cancer treatments that are not yet reimbursed, while others wait for reimbursement. Some physicians have principled moral objections to out-of-pocket payment, while others do not.Conclusion Oncologists and hematologists in the Netherlands differ greatly in their perspectives on access to expensive anti-cancer treatments that are not (yet) reimbursed. As a result, they may act differently when confronted with dilemmas in the consultation room. Physicians working in different healthcare systems may face similar dilemmas. (shrink)

Traditionnellement, la scène contemporaine opère un partage entre deux acceptions de l? « intentionnalité » : entre les lectures dites « interna­liste » et « externaliste » de la notion. À l?aune des débats contemporains, il est en effet tentant de distinguer une approche « internaliste » de l?intention­nalité ? conçue comme l?expression d?un vécu psychique ? d?une ap­proche « externaliste » qui substitue au concept d?« intentionnalité » celui d? « intention » pour en récuser toute anticipation ou détermination (...) « subjec­tive ». Selon la première acception, l?intentionnalité est un acte psychique qui se détermine lui-même. Ce vécu est l?expression d?une inten­tion de signifier. Selon la deuxième acception, l?intention n?est pas un vécu. Elle n?accom­pagne pas l?action (elle ne l?anticipe ni ne la guide) : l?intention, c?est l?action elle-même dont la détermination requiert des facteurs « ex­ternes » au vécu. Il est cependant clair que ce partage est schématique. La première catégorie de partage, dite « internaliste », est évidemment hétéro­gène. Mais on entend ici se concentrer sur la deuxième, « externaliste », pour montrer sa complexité. D?un point de vue générique, selon la lecture externaliste, l?intention est donc comprise comme une action. Seule l?action est, ou non, intention­nelle. Critiquant toute acception mentaliste et. (shrink)

The central question of this paper is: are deterministic and indeterministic descriptions observationally equivalent in the sense that they give the same predictions? I tackle this question for measure-theoretic deterministic systems and stochastic processes, both of which are ubiquitous in science. I first show that for many measure-theoretic deterministic systems there is a stochastic process which is observationally equivalent to the deterministic system. Conversely, I show that for all stochastic processes there is a measure-theoretic deterministic system which is observationally equivalent (...) to the stochastic process. Still, one might guess that the measure-theoretic deterministic systems which are observationally equivalent to stochastic processes used in science do not include any deterministic systems used in science. I argue that this is not so because deterministic systems used in science even give rise to Bernoulli processes. Despite this, one might guess that measure-theoretic deterministic systems used in science cannot give the same predictions at every observation level as stochastic processes used in science. By proving results in ergodic theory, I show that also this guess is misguided: there are several deterministic systems used in science which give the same predictions at every observation level as Markov processes. All these results show that measure-theoretic deterministic systems and stochastic processes are observationally equivalent more often than one might perhaps expect. Furthermore, I criticise the claims of the previous philosophy papers Suppes (1993, 1999), Suppes and de Barros (1996) and Winnie (1998) on observational equivalence. (shrink)

Platon ist nach Homer der antike Autor mit der reichhaltigsten Rezeption vom Altertum über das Mittelalter bis in die Neuzeit. Gleichwohl und gerade aus diesem Grund ist diese bisher allenfalls bruchstückhaft aufgearbeitet worden. Die Autoren versuchen, diesem alten Ziel geisteswissenschaftlicher Forschung auf neuen Wegen näherzukommen, indem sie eine informationswissenschaftliche Perspektive auf Platon und seine Rezeption anwenden. Dazu sind innovative Methoden der Paraphrasensuche entwickelt worden, um diese auch als Methode altertumswissenschaftlich und kulturwissenschaftlich interessierter Forschung zu etablieren.

Résumé La théorie ricœurienne de la triple mimèsis est susceptible de recevoir deux lectures différentes et exclusives l'une de l'autre. Soit l'on considère, en vertu du « caractère majeur de l'action d'être dès toujours symboliquement médiatisée », que notre praxis est ontologiquement structurée selon des schémas narratifs — mais cette conception essentialiste de l'action minore le rôle configurant de la mise en intrigue et affaiblit d'autant la thèse de Temps et Récit concernant la « force d'innovation de la composition poétique (...) » ; soit on considère l'action comme inanalysable en amont de la représentation narrative, qui seule est en mesure de définir sa sémantique, sa symbolique et sa temporalité. En privilégiant la seconde interprétation, nous tâchons de démontrer ici que l'oeuvre poétique n'a pas qu'une fonction de re figuration et fait plus que de suggérer au lecteur de « change[r] son agir » : l'action n'est humaine et n'est possible que d'être médiatisée par une voix narrative, toute narration créant sa propre référence mais aucune ne donnant accès à un univers référentiel préexistant qui serait ontologiquement signifiant. (shrink)

BackgroundCountries are increasingly devoting significant resources to creating or strengthening research ethics committees, but there has been insufficient attention to assessing whether these committees are actually improving the protection of human research participants.DiscussionResearch ethics committees face numerous obstacles to achieving their goal of improving research participant protection. These include the inherently amorphous nature of ethics review, the tendency of regulatory systems to encourage a focus on form over substance, financial and resource constraints, and conflicts of interest. Auditing and accreditation programs (...) can improve the quality of ethics review by encouraging the development of standardized policies and procedures, promoting a common base of knowledge, and enhancing the status of research ethics committees within their own institutions. However, these mechanisms focus largely on questions of structure and process and are therefore incapable of answering many critical questions about ethics committees' actual impact on research practices.The first step in determining whether research ethics committees are achieving their intended function is to identify what prospective research participants and their communities hope to get out of the ethics review process. Answers to this question can help guide the development of effective outcomes assessment measures. It is also important to determine whether research ethics committees' guidance to investigators is actually being followed. Finally, the information developed through outcomes assessment must be disseminated to key decision-makers and incorporated into practice. This article offers concrete suggestions for achieving these goals.ConclusionOutcomes assessment of research ethics committees should address the following questions: First, does research ethics committee review improve participants' understanding of the risks and potential benefits of studies? Second, does the process affect prospective participants' decisions about whether to participate in research? Third, does it change participants' subjective experiences in studies or their attitudes about research? Fourth, does it reduce the riskiness of research? Fifth, does it result in more research responsive to the local community's self-identified needs? Sixth, is research ethics committees' guidance to researchers actually being followed? (shrink)

The six-century-long history of printing is not confined merely to the development of technological processes. Its subject is much wider, for printing touches on almost every sphere of human activity —affecting and being affected by political, economic and sociological changes on our civilization. The article exemplifies the point by considering the importance of printing to the history of the Reformation; to the formation of the new German standard-language , and to the publication of the first printed literature on practice oriented (...) technology and experimental natural sciences. The second part of the article looks into the relationship between the printer and the typesetter’s job profiles and into the advances which have transformed the printing process. (shrink)

Charlotte Sabourin | : Cet article se penche sur la contribution de Gabrielle Suchon à la célèbre « querelle des femmes ». J’y démontre que, quoique Suchon défende l’égalité des deux sexes en ce qui a trait à leurs capacités à la liberté, à la science et à l’autorité, elle vise ultimement à montrer que les femmes peuvent se rendre supérieures aux hommes. Je montrerai que son projet d’élévation des femmes ne peut être accompli qu’en soustrayant les femmes à (...) l’influence des hommes, les relations entre les deux sexes étant foncièrement préjudiciables aux premières. | : This paper examines Gabrielle Suchon’s contribution to the famous “querelle des femmes”. I argue that although Suchon is a proponent of the equality of the sexes with respect to their capacities for freedom, science and authority, she ultimately suggests that there is a way in which women can make themselves superior to men. I will show that her project for the elevation of women can be accomplished only by isolating women from men, given that the relationships between the sexes will always be detrimental to women. (shrink)

The collective formation of a people or group is a central, yet difficult concept both for pragmatic Hegelians and in Hannes Kuchs’ book, Wirtschaft, Demokratie, Liberaler Sozialismus (2023). On the one hand, there is something deeply democratic about the idea that a society transforms itself with individuals constantly discussing, defining and re-defining what counts as good for them. On the other hand, critics have rightly worried that such an approach is relativist and implies that any system can count as just, (...) as long as it fits shared beliefs. In this article I analyze and criticize Kuch’s argument the background of philosophical debates on collective, democratic progress and 'real utopia.'. (shrink)

InThe Second Sex, Simone de Beauvoir argues that women are often complicit in reinforcing their own unfreedom. But why women become complicit remains an open question. The aim of this article is to offer a systematic analysis of complicity by focusing on the Heideggerian strands of Beauvoir's account. I begin by evaluating Susan James's interpretation of complicity qua republican freedom, which emphasizes the dependent situation of women as the primary cause of their complicity. I argue that James's analysis is compelling (...) as far as it goes, but that it implies complicity is the inevitable outcome of women's current existence and fails to adequately account for Beauvoir's claim that women actively embrace their own unfreedom. I then draw out the Heideggerian strands of Beauvoir's analysis, demonstrating how this enables us to systematize Beauvoir's account of women's oppressive situation with her claims regarding the active role women can play in reinforcing their own unfreedom. I argue that this approach preserves the strengths of the republican interpretation, but provides a better account of cases where complicity may not be inevitable and yet some women still act to reinforce rather than resist their own unfreedom. (shrink)

In recent decades, rescue archaeology in Europe has uncovered a much larger number of remains than planned archaeology. The mass of information resulting from this preventive research is such that its processing is a colossal task, but also unavoidable if preventive excavations are not to become synonymous with the destruction of the remains – which is precisely what they are supposed to prevent. The effort that our society must make (in terms of time and financial resources in particular) may seem (...) heavy, even insurmountable to some; nevertheless, this effort is imperative and essential, because preventive excavations raise major challenges, both scientific and societal. This article aims to detail these issues and analyse them in the light of the deleterious effects of neoliberal logic on rescue archaeology and the associated ecological and societal difficulties. (shrink)

"Quod habet principium sed caret fine": this idea of the perpetual is expresssed in both the schools and courts of the twelfth-century renaissance. The philosophers conceive the perpetual as intermediate between time and eternity; according to masters of the school of Chartres, moreover, the world itself is perpetual. For the troubadour poets, the perpetual functions rhetorically. The moralist Marcabru treats the personified abstraction as perpetual, continuous in identity yet subject to change, thus achieving a satiric duality of vision. The love (...) poet Bernart de Ventadorn develops a "poetics of perpetuity", using the very tensions and instabilities of fin'amors to fashions ideal and endless courtly worlds. (shrink)

Dans un contexte d'enchevêtrement des systèmes normatifs et de pluralisme juridictionnel, la question de l'autorité de la jurisprudence est centrale. Tantôt abordée comme un instrument normatif, tantôt comme une donnée purement factuelle, elle est toujours une variable inconstante. Entre la thèse de "l'autorité de la chose interprétée" et le concept de "dialogue des juges", il est difficile de parvenir à une conception unanime de l'influence que produit la jurisprudence. La thèse défendue systématise cet effet en limitant l'analyse à ce que (...) prescrivent les énoncés normatifs en vigueur. Partant du principe de déterminisme textuel, les juridictions sont prioritairement contraintes par les énoncés dispositionnels dont elles doivent faire application. Une part d'indétermination résulte néanmoins des spécificités de chaque contentieux, attachées aux questions litigieuses dont les juridictions sont saisies. La systématisation de l'effet que produit la jurisprudence repose sur deux critères essentiels : les normes et leurs modalités d'application. Sur ces fondements, la thèse propose de démontrer que la jurisprudence a valeur de preuve. La présence des deux critères susmentionnés conditionne les relations que les juridictions entretiennent. La jurisprudence produit ainsi un effet corroboratif. Ce dernier désigne le processus factuel par lequel l'interprétation délivrée par une juridiction est utilisée à des fins probatoires par une autre juridiction, en raison de l'analogie qu'elle établit. Le critère de l'analogie, entendu comme la "ressemblance de rapports" normatifs et factuels existant entre deux ou plusieurs litiges, constitue le lien essentiel à la réalisation des relations jurisprudentielles. L'étude s'attache à illustrer ce processus dans les rapports d'influence interprétative qu'entretiennent cinq juridictions : la Cour de justice, la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme, le Conseil constitutionnel français, la Cour de cassation et le Conseil d'Etat. L'effet corroboratif de la jurisprudence fournit une grille de lecture des relations jurisprudentielles, excluant toutes considérations extra-juridiques. (shrink)

This paper focuses on segmenting digital movie and TV series pirates and on investigating the effectiveness of piracy-combatting measures i.e., legal and educational strategies, in light of these segments. To address these research objectives, two online studies were conducted. First, 1277 valid responses were gathered with an online survey. Four pirate segments were found based on differing combinations of attitude toward piracy, ethical evaluation of piracy and feelings of guilt. The anti-pirate, conflicted pirate, cavalier pirate, and die-hard pirate can be (...) placed on a continuum of increasing pirating frequency, subjective norm, pirating self-efficacy, habit, and decreasing in perceived harm, respectively. The segments also differ in deontological and teleological orientations. Second, in an experimental mixed design, we find that the educational strategy is more effective than the legal strategy in lowering pirating intentions for the conflicted and cavalier pirate. However, both strategies fail at lowering intentions of the die-hard pirate, although perceived harm and perceived impunity were significantly influenced. These findings offer a more profound understanding of pirate segments and how they react differently to piracy-combatting measures. As a result, better strategies can be developed to control digital piracy. (shrink)

Animals do a wide range of work in our society, but they are rarely recognized as workers or accorded any labour rights, and their working conditions are often oppressive and exploitative. Drawing on law, ethics, and labour studies, the essays in this volume explore the potential and dangers of animal labour.

Keine ausführliche Beschreibung für "Gleichberechtigung der Geschlechter im künftigen Elternrecht. (Reichsverfassung Artikel 119)" verfügbar.

We appreciate that the theme “ethics of ethics conferences” that we introduced in 2023 (Van der Graaf et al. 2023) was echoed by the previous and current presidents of the International Association...

Paternalism has attracted new defenders in recent years. Such defenders typically either downplay the normative significance of autonomy or deny that we are sufficiently rational for paternalistic interventions to be objectionable.1 Both of these argumentative strategies constitute challenges to John Stuart Mill’s influential anti-paternalistic ‘harm principle’, which states that coercive interference with the liberty of competent adults is justifiable only if such interference prevents harm to non-consenting third parties (Mill, p. 23).2 In this journal, Wilkinson has provided a novel, provocative (...) defence of paternalism in the medical context—one that (provisionally) accepts rather than challenges Mill’s harm principle.3 Wilkinson’s argument is complex. But he begins with Parfit’s influential account of personal identity.4 According to Parfit, Alice at T1 can be the same person as Alice at T2, but the extent to which Alice at T1 and Alice at T2 are similar depends on the extent to which there are ‘chains’ of strong psychological connections between Alice at T1 and Alice at T2. Strong psychological connections, in turn, are mental states such as intentions or beliefs, or psychological traits. For example, if Alice at T2 remembers very little about herself the day before, and the day before that, all the way to Alice at T1, Alice at T2 has completely different psychological traits than Alice at T1—for example, Alice at T1 was courageous, whereas Alice at T2 is cowardly—then Alice at T1 and Alice at T2 are distinct persons. If the harm principle is correct and Alice is autonomous, it is permissible to interfere with Alice’s liberty only if it prevents harm to some non-consenting third party. But if we accept Parfit’s view on personal identity, then a novel defence of paternalistic intervention emerges: Alice at T2 may well be a distinct person from Alice at T1. So, …. (shrink)

Des droits fondamentaux au fondement du droit, le lien semble non seulement direct, mais évident. Or l'examen des différents discours théoriques sur le droit montre qu'il n'en est rien. Le livre de Charlotte Girard analyse précisément les différences de traitement du rapport entre ces deux termes dans les discours théoriques juridiques, en particulier ceux qui posent la question du fondement du droit. Soit l'étude des droits fondamentaux se distingue de celle du fondement du droit - les droits fondamentaux ne (...) mènent pas naturellement au fondement du droit -, soit on associe les deux notions - les droits fondamentaux sont au fondement même du droit. Or cette distinction renvoie à ce que la théorie du droit différencie traditionnellement : les approches juspositiviste d'une part et jusnaturaliste d'autre part. La confrontation de ces discours théoriques à la question du fondement du droit, qu'elle se traduise ou non par les droits fondamentaux, révèle une certaine fragilité des présupposés respectifs de ces discours. En réalité, le fondement du droit n'est pas seulement un élément de débat juridique et normatif, mais il relève aussi et surtout d'un débat politique et institutionnel. C'est en effet en raison de son caractère normatif que le fondement du droit - quel que soit le discours qui le porte, y compris le discours juridique théorique - appartient pleinement au champ politique. (shrink)

Cet article propose une reconstitution de la séquence stratigraphique, céramique et architecturale pour la période néopalatiale dans le Secteur Pi de Malia, un établissement majeur de l’Âge du Bronze sur la côte nord‑est de la Crète. Débutée en 2005, l’exploration de ce secteur visait à mieux appréhender le développement de la ville minoenne au cours de la période des Seconds Palais minoens (ca. 1700-1425 av. J.‑C.). L’imprécision de la séquence stratigraphique et céramique sur le site de Malia est devenue d’autant (...) plus évidente ces dernières années que plusieurs publications importantes portant sur d’autres établissements crétois ont proposé une définition plus fine des phases du Minoen Moyen (MM) III et du Minoen Récent (MR) I sur ces sites. Le programme de recherche sur le bâtiment Pi a permis d’identifier cinq phases stratigraphiques et de renouveler la séquence céramique, invitant à construire un nouveau scénario pour le développement de la ville néopalatiale. Cet article détaille ainsi l’état actuel de nos connaissances sur l’occupation néopalatiale du bâtiment Pi et présente les structures et dépôts qui y ont été mis au jour depuis les niveaux du MM IIIA jusqu’à son abandon au MR IA. Cette étude met en exergue les preuves importantes de l’occupation de cette zone de la ville au cours du MM III – une période particulièrement mal connue à Malia – et de deux sous-phases dans l’occupation du bâtiment Pi au MM III. En outre, une majorité du matériel néopalatial collecté au sein du bâtiment Pi provient d’épais remblais datés du MR IA avancé, suggérant qu’une destruction de grande ampleur a alors touché le site, en totalité ou en partie. Ces nouveaux résultats permettent de réévaluer la temporalité et la séquence des principales destructions et reconstructions qui ont ponctué l’histoire néopalatiale d’une des plus importantes villes minoennes. (shrink)

In the past decades, narrative practices have been developed, and care has been conceptualized as being narrative in nature. More recently, narrative care has been developing both as a practice and a field of study. It is necessary to make the theoretical foundations of narrative care visible to avoid the risk of narrowly defining narrative care as a matter of storytelling and listening. In this article, we develop an understanding of narrative care grounded in early feminist pragmatist philosophy, with a (...) focus on social and political activism and experience. Pragmatism holds the possibilities to open spaces for realities that are constantly in flux and for emergent situations that must be considered across time, diverse places and social contexts. With the aid of Vera’s stories about her relationship with Tammy, we demonstrate the importance of recognizing that realities are multiple, complex and uncertain. Furthermore, we discuss how the stronghold of formula stories and issues of power, positioning and inequities, restrict people’s possibilities to be, become and co-author their stories. We also argue that the playfulness, imagination and world travelling of narrative care are in line with early feminist pragmatism, which draws on a wide and diverse range of experiences. Jane Addams linked democracy to dialogue, joint experiences and social equality. This calls for the development of ethical frameworks grounded in care that are more specifically focused on relational ethics and a commitment to dialogical and relational democracy and the prioritization of community. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:The Role of the Heavens in the Thought of Philip MelanchthonCharlotte MethuenPhilip Melanchthon has long been recognized as one of the central figures in the German Lutheran Reformation. His theological contribution to the Reformation may be found in his codifying of Lutheran theology in the Confessio Augustana and in the Loci Communes, the first major Lutheran theological textbook, which long remained a central text for the teaching of theology (...) in Lutheran schools and universities. A teacher at the University of Wittenberg from 1518 until his death, Melanchthon was also involved in the reform of universities and the establishment of school systems throughout Lutheran Germany. These reforms facilitated the spread of the Reformation by encouraging the development of Lutheran educational principles and the establishing of Humanist education as the basis for the schools and universities of Lutheran Germany, and Melanchthon’s role in this process has led to his being accorded the title Praeceptor Germaniae. 1 More recently, Melanchthon has also been hailed as the initiator of a new “Lutheran” approach to natural philosophy. 2 It is my contention in this article that Melanchthon’s interest in natural philosophy is integrally connected to his educational interest and that these hang upon a particular theological and cosmological [End Page 385] understanding of the universe, particularly the heavens, as becomes clear from his defense of astronomy.I. Despite his theological interests and his commitment to the dissemination of Lutheran theology, Melanchthon was reluctant to teach theology and remained primarily concerned with the teaching of the subjects which made up the curriculum of the arts faculty in a sixteenth-century university. It was as Professor of Greek that he was originally appointed to the University of Wittenberg, and he had a deep interest in the teaching of ancient languages, especially Greek, and in the study of ancient texts in their original form rather than through later commentators. His promotion of the trivium (grammar, logic, and rhetoric) led him to write a textbook in each of these areas; and these works continued to be used as prescribed works in many German universities into the seventeenth century. 3 As an educator Melanchthon was thus firmly in the humanist mold. However, Melanchthon’s interests did not only take in the teaching of languages; he also promoted the teaching of both moral and natural philosophy. 4 Moreover, he was a strong advocate of the teaching of the mathematical sciences, particularly arithmetic, geometry, and astronomy. These, together with music, made up the quadrivium, which complemented the linguistic arts.In Melanchthon’s day the mathematical sciences had long been accepted as part of the arts curriculum, 5 even if in practice minimal attention had been paid them at many universities. 6 Their ambiguous status is reflected by the attitude taken by many humanist reformers, who did not regard arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music as an essential part of the curriculum. Thus Erasmus believed that music, arithmetic, and geography should be taught only to pupils who had a particular interest in these subjects 7 and that knowledge of nature, astrology, architecture, and other related subjects would come from reading the ancient authors. 8 In a similar vein Juan Luis [End Page 386] Vives argued that mathematics tended to divorce the mind from the practical concerns of life and that its study was not, therefore, to be recommended. 9 In contrast Melanchthon seems to have recognized the value of the study of the mathematical sciences from the beginning of his scholarly career. Perhaps he was inspired by his professor of mathematics at Tübingen, Johannes Stöffler, a gifted mathematician who wrote his own Arithmetic and was also fluent in the praise of his subject. 10 In an early oration, De artibus liberalis, delivered in Tübingen in 1517, Melanchthon praises arithmetic as a principal part of philosophy; geometry for its role in producing the wonderful machines of war and the beautiful ornaments of cities; music for its elegance and harmony; and astronomy (very briefly) for its applications in medicine. 11This oration should almost certainly be read as part of the tradition of orations and odes which extolled each of the liberal arts for its practical (and often also... (shrink)

Tradução para o português do verbete sobre Sexto Empírico, de Charlotte Stough, retirado de Jonathan Dancy e Ernest Sosa (org.) A Companion to Epistemology (Oxford: Blackwell, 1997), pp. 475-477.

La crise écologique planétaire a des racines philosophiques fortes : elle questionne nos habitudes, notre modèle de société, mais également notre système de croyances et nos représentations du monde. Comprendre les enjeux profonds de cette crise nous plonge dans l'histoire de nos représentations de la nature et de l'humain. À l'attentisme ambiant, l'auteure oppose l'élaboration collective d'un nouveau sol écophilosophique qui serve d'humus pour l'émergence d'une civilisation "soutenable".

Charlotte Sabourin | : Cet article vise à souligner l’importance du rôle joué par la conception kantienne des Lumières dans la Critique de la raison pure. On verra en effet que la connaissance de soi au coeur du projet critique gagne à être comprise en relation avec l’idée de penser par soi-même. Cette connaissance de soi dévoile cependant certaines erreurs tenaces commises par la raison, qui doivent précisément être rectifiées sous peine de compromettre la liberté de penser. La conception (...) kantienne des Lumières nous permettra ainsi de faire sens de la nature réflexive de l’entreprise critique. | : The aim of this paper is to show that the Kantian conception of enlightenment plays an important role in the Critique of Pure Reason. I will show that the self-knowledge central to Kant’s critical philosophy can be better understood by considering it in relation with the idea of thinking for oneself. Moreover, this self-knowledge reveals some deep-rooted errors made by pure reason that must be rectified in order not to compromise freedom of thought. I will thus use Kant’s conception of enlightenment to make sense of the reflexive nature of the critical project. (shrink)

Quarterly publication discussing various topics in environmental ethics, including features, discussion papers, book reviews, editorial commentaries, and other text related to environmental philosophies. Some issues also include announcements and other news related to the environmental studies community.

For us, narrative care is grounded in pragmatist philosophy and focused on experience. Narrative care is not merely about acknowledging or listening to people's experiences, but draws attention to practical consequences. We conceptualize care itself as an intrinsically narrative endeavour. In this article, we build on Lugones' understanding of playfulness, particularly to her call to remain attentive to a sense of uncertainty, and an openness to surprise. Playfulness cultivates a generative sense of curiosity that relies on a close attentiveness not (...) only to the other, but to who we each are within relational spaces. Generative curiosity is only possible if we remain playful as we engage and think with experiences and if we remain responsive to the other. Through playfulness, we resist dominant narratives and hold open relational spaces that create opportunities of retelling and reliving our experiences. Drawing on our work alongside older adults, as well as people who work in long‐term care, we show the possibilities of playfulness in the co‐composition of stories across time. By intentionally integrating playfulness, narrative care can be seen as an intervention, as well as a human activity, across diverse social contexts, places and times. (shrink)

Quarterly publication discussing various topics in environmental ethics, including features, discussion papers, book reviews, editorial commentaries, and other text related to environmental philosophies. Some issues also include announcements and other news related to the environmental studies community.

Le philosophe populaire berlinois Johann Jakob Engel a amorcé, à la fin du XVIII siècle, des recherches importantes dans le domaine de la sémiotique esthétique, problématique alors presque entièrement neuve que venait de lancer le Laocoon de Lessing. A peine quelque années plus tard, l’œuvre de Engel constitue déjà un élargissement considérable de la problématique lessingienne, tout autant d’ailleurs qu’une remise en cause de certaines de ses prémisses : la sémiotique théâtrale ne peut-elle constituer une alternative à la scission sémiotique (...) des « arts du temps » et des « arts de l’espace » ? Plus spécifiquement, l’analyse sémiotique du geste sera pour Engel l’occasion de dégager deux notions singulièrement opératoires : « peinture » et « expression » (Malerei, Ausdruck) qui seront transposables dans une sémiotique esthétique générale. En effet, elles permettent à Engel est de dégager analogies fortes entre musique, poétique, gestuel, pour s’acheminer vers une sémiotique comparée dont la perspective est entièrement neuve. On en retracera les ressorts essentiels en mettant en lumière le rôle intermédiaire important dévolu d’une part au modèle rhétorique de l’éloquence, d’autre part à la fonction métaphorique – moteurs de la transposition d’une sémiotique du langage à celle d’un « langage du geste ». (shrink)

English summary: What was the intellectual dialogue between Aristotle and Plato that drove the formers concepts of ethics? This volume seeks to establish the background debate of Aristotle with his former teacher, one often depicted as adversarial but that created a dialectical character in which Aristotle built the cardinal notions of his ethical philosophy as responses to specific questions left open in Platos work. French description: Qu'Aristote ait lu Platon est de l'ordre de l'evidence. Cette evidence gagne neanmoins a etre (...) rappelee pour en degager toute la portee, plus particulierement dans le domaine de l'ethique ou le rapport d'Aristote a son maitre tend a etre reduit a la vision traditionnelle d'un disciple devenu un adversaire irreductible, et parfois injuste. Redonner voix au dialogue continu mais souterrain entre les ethiques des deux philosophes, en mettant au jour l'arriere-plan platonicien avec lequel Aristote est en debat, n'a pas pour seul but de reevaluer l'heritage platonicien du Stagirite. Une telle entreprise offre en meme temps une voie d'entree feconde dans l'elaboration de ses concepts ethiques, qu'il s'agisse du bonheur, du plaisir, de l'amitie ou de la sagesse pratique. En effet, faire l'hypothese qu'Aristote construit les notions cardinales de sa philosophie pratique comme des reponses precises a des questions non moins precises laissees ouvertes par les Dialogues permet d'en eclairer la genese et d'en degager les articulations constitutives. Bien loin d'etre un systeme statique de concepts, l'ethique aristotelicienne se trouve ainsi heriter du caractere dialectique plus volontiers attribue aux textes platoniciens qui enconstituent la toile de fond. La nouveaute comme la portee de l'intuition qui la guide, a savoir que le bien, pour les humains, reside dans l'action, s'apprecient mieux a l'aune de cette conversation continuee qu'elle entretient avec les questions et les prises de position de son predecesseur. (shrink)